Dynamisme de l’emprunt : les turcismes dans la langue bulgare

As a general rule loanwords are not used in the target language in the same way as in the source language, but instead, are adapted to its system. The nature of this adaptation can vary from one language to another and from one period of time to another. In this study we propose to demonstrate the dynamic character of the use of loanwords, taking the example of turkisms in Bulgarian. We raise several questions in order to refine the comprehension of the phenomenon of borrowing. Do loanwords have a stable place in the target language ? What are the linguistic factors that promote or discourage their integration ? Are there historical contexts in which their use is prohibited or advocated ? Do they have different connotations compared to the native words and if so, then for what reasons ? We first make a few remarks on the development of the linguistic transformations that determine the acceptance of the turkisms in the system of the Bulgarian language. Then we look at the various functions of these loanwords in order to describe the changes of usage that has occurred. On these two points we conduct our analysis on a diachronic axis of the overall development of the Bulgarian language.