Abstract: The Rabelaisian corpus is a dramatic exploration of the way in which the lexical illustration of French imposes itself in the context of linguistic competition and is composed, with the resistances of use, between the two poles of aberrant vernacular and respectable and clumsy vulgar. This allows for an exploration of the stakes of power, the acclimatisation of knowledge, and the ethics of the vernacular that are translated by “linguistic encounters” in which a relationship is established between the French language, the language of scholarship, and other languages.